Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive and degenerative disorder of the nervous system that can significantly reduce the physical activity of patients at the end stages. As the field of disease pathophysiology has advanced in recent years, studies have looked at the role of neuromuscular junction's dysfunctionality in ALS

diabetes mellitus can be categorized as one of the prolonged metabolic disorders that are associated withinappropriately elevated blood glucose levels. Among the subgroups of this disease, type 2 diabetes accounts for the most patients. Although pharmaceutical and non-pharmaceutical treatments have been employed to control the progression of the disease, as with any treatment approach, both therapeutic approaches are associated with side effects and challenges

The prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) in the North Africa and Middle East region is alarmingly high, prompting us to investigate the burden and factors contributing to it through the GBD study. Additionally, there is a lack of knowledge about the epidemiological status of T2DM in this region, so our aim is to provide a comprehensive overview of the burden of T2DM and its associated risk factors.

Cancer is categorized as one of the life-threatening disease in the world, which has recently been associated with a significant increase in the incidence and prevalence rate. Hence, the discovery of effective approaches for prevention, early diagnosis, and effective treatment for cancer has been prioritized by oncology researchers. In recent decades, mesenchymal stem cells show great potential to advance the field of regenerative medicine and oncology research due to representing prominent characteristics. Recently, studies indicate that mesenchymal stem cells can play an important role by secreting extracellular vesicles like exosomes in modulating the biological functions of target cells through paracrine regulation.

parkinson's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, which is mainly characterized by unintended or uncontrollable body movements. Pathophysiologically, disturbances in the neurotransmission system of the brain like dopaminergic system and synaptic dysfunction are classified as top-rated causes of the onset of Parkinson's disease, which symptoms can be different according to the involvement of neurotransmission system type and the effect of the disease on the motor and non-motor systems

However, the main focus of literature in the field of dental tissue engineering is on utilizing MSCs. On the other hand, biocompatible scaffolds play a notable role in this regenerative process which is mentioned to be harmless with acceptable osteoinductivity. Also, strategies of tissue bioengineering and experimental models are introduced in order to provide a perspective of the potential roles of dental tissue engineering to be used for clinical aims.

This virus can affect all systems of the body and its symptoms vary from a simple upper respiratory infection to fatal complications including end-organ damage. Secondary bacterial co-infection is another problem in COVID-19 which affects the prognosis of patients. Therefore, the therapeutic benefits of mesenchymal stem cells, especially their antimicrobial activity, will help us understand how to treat COVID-19. Herein, mesenchymal stem cells may stop the immune system from becoming overactive in COVID-19 patients.

To form organoids, stem cells are transplanted into the extracellular matrix. Organoids can help pave the road for precision medicine through genetic editing, pharmaceutical development, and cell therapy. Studies on the use of stem-cell-derived organoids in regenerative medicine, organoids as 3D culture models for EVs analysis, and organoids for precision medicine were included. Results: According to the included studies, organoids have various origins, types, and applications in regenerative and precision medicine, as well as an important role in studying extracellular vesicles.

Results: The results implied that six hub-bottlenecks including ACTB, GAPDH, HSP90AA1, HSPA8, HSP90AB1, and HSPA5 were present in the PPI network; however, only the last central protein was among DEPs. ClueGO CluePedia identified five related biological processes and three action types of their connections. Conclusion: The proposed crucial proteins and their linked biological processes may represent as key players in the anticancer underlying mechanism of red propolis.